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 技术

P/V Tool® Pro。 评估肺复张潜力并执行肺复张术

黄色气囊在不同阶段。

是否适合肺复张？ 诊断工具

保护通气工具 (P/V Tool Pro) 采用呼吸力学方法记录准静态压力-容量曲线，该曲线描述肺部和胸壁在吸气和呼气过程中的力学行为。

此方法可用于评估肺复张性和确定需要应用的肺复张策略 (Demory D, Arnal JM, Wysocki M, et al.Recruitability of the lung estimated by the pressure volume curve hysteresis in ARDS patients.Intensive Care Med.2008;34(11):2019-2025. doi:10.1007/s00134-008-1167-81​)。

如何使用 P/V Tool 评估肺复张性（文章）
统计图：P/V Tool Pro 图示

正确的策略是什么？ 肺复张工具

P/V Tool Pro 也可用于进行持续充气肺复张操作和测量肺容量的增加（肺复张操作白皮书2​​）。您可以在肺复张操作后设置压力上升时间、最大压力、持续时间和 PEEP 水平，以适合个体病人。

这对 ARDS 病人特别有效，因为选择适当的肺复张策略及 PEEP 正确设为抗塌陷力对此病人组至关重要 (Gattinoni L, Caironi P, Cressoni M, et al.Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome.N Engl J Med.2006;354(17):1775-1786. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0520523​)。

如何使用 P/V Tool 执行肺复张操作（文章）
管路注射器

能否改善您的通气策略？ 肺保护工具

与食道压测量结合，P/V Tool Pro 可让您更清楚地了解肺和胸壁力学。

这有利于您通过滴定 PEEP 水平 (Caironi P, Cressoni M, Chiumello D, et al.Lung opening and closing during ventilation of acute respiratory distress syndrome.Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2010;181(6):578-586. doi:10.1164/rccm.200905-0787OC4​) 和优化肺复张操作参数，然后优化驱动压力和潮气量参数，应用肺保护性通气策略。

P/V Tool Pro 用户界面 P/V Tool Pro 用户界面

工作原理是什么？ P/V Tool Pro 工作原理

您可以执行 P/V Tool Pro 操作，而无需断开呼吸管路或更改通气模式或呼吸机设置。可以随时恢复正常通气。P/V Tool Pro 记录低流量状况下 (2–5 cmH2O/s) 肺部的压力-容量相关性。

吸气时，压力逐渐递增至操作员设定的压力目标值。当压力达到目标值时，转换呼气，压力回降到设置的数值。

Ken Hargett Camille Neville

客户评语

对于几乎所有镇静下来以待插管的呼吸机病人，我们使用 P/V Tool 来确定初始 PEEP 设置。P/V Tool 的肺复张这部分功能，我们也用得很多，特别是患有反复肺不张的病人。

Ken Hargett

呼吸治疗主任（直至 2019 年）
美国德克萨斯州休斯敦卫理公会医院

客户评语

我们的呼吸治疗师给病人接上呼吸机后立即使用 P/V Tool，以获得最佳 PEEP。治疗师发现它很有用，尤其是对重病病人。

Camille Neville

呼吸科临床教师
美国佛罗里达州奥兰多佛罗里达医院

统计图：Amato MB.Nengl J Med.1998 Feb 5;338(6):347-54

您有证据吗？ 了解证据

肺保护是病人进行机械通气时的一个主要目标。

在氧合状态、肺复张容积或过度充气改变方面，肺特征和组织形态是 PEEP 设置或肺复张操作反应的有力预测因素 (Constantin JM, Futier E, Cherprenet AL, et al.A recruitment maneuver increases oxygenation after intubation of hypoxemic intensive care unit patients: a randomized controlled study.Crit Care.2010;14(2):R76. doi:10.1186/cc89895​)。

如果正确评估肺组织形态，个性化策略可以降低中度到严重 ARDS 病人的死亡率 (Constantin JM, Jabaudon M, Lefrant JY, et al.Personalised mechanical ventilation tailored to lung morphology versus low positive end-expiratory pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in France (the LIVE study): a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.Lancet Respir Med.2019;7(10):870-880. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30138-96)。肺保护不仅可以降低 ARDS 病人的死亡率 (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, Brower RG, Matthay MA, et al.Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.N Engl J Med.2000;342(18):1301-1308. doi:10.1056/NEJM2000050434218017)，还可减少正常肺病人继发性 ARDS (Determann RM, Royakkers A, Wolthuis EK, et al.Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with conventional tidal volumes for patients without acute lung injury: a preventive randomized controlled trial.Crit Care.2010;14(1):R1. doi:10.1186/cc82308) 及术后病人并发症的风险 (Costa Leme A, Hajjar LA, Volpe MS, et al.Effect of Intensive vs Moderate Alveolar Recruitment Strategies Added to Lung-Protective Ventilation on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA.2017;317(14):1422-1432. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.22979​, Hu MC, Yang YL, Chen TT, Chen JT, Tiong TY, Tam KW.Recruitment maneuvers in patients undergoing thoracic surgery: a meta-analysis.Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg.2021;69(12):1553-1559. doi:10.1007/s11748-021-01673-7 10​)。

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可用性

P/V Tool Pro 可作为 HAMILTON-C3/C6 和 HAMILTON-G5 呼吸机的选配功能以及 HAMILTON-S1 呼吸机的标准功能提供。

HAMILTON-C6

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HAMILTON-G5/S1

HAMILTON-G5/S1
HAMILTON-C3

HAMILTON-C3

有关更多信息

文件
P/V Tool brochure
英语 | 0.5 MB | 689202.05
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P/V Tool Pro 快速参考卡
中文 | 0.4 MB | 10074014.01
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P/V Tool Pro 用户指南
中文 | 1.52 MB | 10074007.01
文章
Pressure target increase in P/V Tool® vs. continuous low flow
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肺复张
中文 | 0.86 MB | ELO20160609S.02.02
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参考文献

  1. 1. Demory D, Arnal JM, Wysocki M, et al. Recruitability of the lung estimated by the pressure volume curve hysteresis in ARDS patients. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(11):2019-2025. doi:10.1007/s00134-008-1167-8
  2. 2. ELO20160409S.01
  3. 3. Gattinoni L, Caironi P, Cressoni M, et al. Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(17):1775-1786. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa052052
  4. 4. Caironi P, Cressoni M, Chiumello D, et al. Lung opening and closing during ventilation of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181(6):578-586. doi:10.1164/rccm.200905-0787OC
  5. 5. Constantin JM, Futier E, Cherprenet AL, et al. A recruitment maneuver increases oxygenation after intubation of hypoxemic intensive care unit patients: a randomized controlled study. Crit Care. 2010;14(2):R76. doi:10.1186/cc8989

 

  1. 6. Constantin JM, Jabaudon M, Lefrant JY, et al. Personalised mechanical ventilation tailored to lung morphology versus low positive end-expiratory pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in France (the LIVE study): a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(10):870-880. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30138-9
  2. 7. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, Brower RG, Matthay MA, et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1301-1308. doi:10.1056/NEJM200005043421801
  3. 8. Determann RM, Royakkers A, Wolthuis EK, et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with conventional tidal volumes for patients without acute lung injury: a preventive randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2010;14(1):R1. doi:10.1186/cc8230
  4. 9. Costa Leme A, Hajjar LA, Volpe MS, et al. Effect of Intensive vs Moderate Alveolar Recruitment Strategies Added to Lung-Protective Ventilation on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017;317(14):1422-1432. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.2297
  5. 10. Hu MC, Yang YL, Chen TT, Chen JT, Tiong TY, Tam KW. Recruitment maneuvers in patients undergoing thoracic surgery: a meta-analysis. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;69(12):1553-1559. doi:10.1007/s11748-021-01673-7

脚注

 

Recruitability of the lung estimated by the pressure volume curve hysteresis in ARDS patients.

Demory D, Arnal JM, Wysocki M, et al. Recruitability of the lung estimated by the pressure volume curve hysteresis in ARDS patients. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34(11):2019-2025. doi:10.1007/s00134-008-1167-8



OBJECTIVE

To assess the hysteresis of the pressure-volume curve (PV curve) as to estimate, easily and at the bedside, the recruitability of the lung in ARDS patients.

DESIGN

Prospective study.

SETTING

Twelve medico-surgical ICU beds of a general hospital.

PATIENTS

Twenty-six patients within the first 24 h from meeting ARDS criteria.

INTERVENTION

A Quasi-static inflation and deflation PV curve from 0 to 40 cmH(2)O and a 40 cmH(2)O recruitment maneuver (RM) maintained for 10 s were successively done with an interval of 30 min in between. RECORDINGS AND CALCULATION: Hysteresis of the PV curve (H(PV)) was calculated as the ratio of the area enclosed by the pressure volume loop divided by the predicted body weight (PBW). The volume increase during the RM (V(RM)) was measured by integration of the flow required to maintain the pressure at 40 cmH(2)O and divided by PBW, as an estimation of the volume recruited during the RM.

RESULTS

A positive linear correlation was found between H(PV) and V(RM) (r = 0.81, P < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest using the hysteresis of the PV curve to assess the recruitability of the lung.

Lung recruitment maneuvers whitepaper

Hu MC, Yang YL, Chen TT, Chen JT, Tiong TY, Tam KW. Recruitment maneuvers in patients undergoing thoracic surgery: a meta-analysis. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;69(12):1553-1559. doi:10.1007/s11748-021-01673-7

文件
Lung recruitment maneuvers
英语 | 3.72 MB | ELO20160409S.01

Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Gattinoni L, Caironi P, Cressoni M, et al. Lung recruitment in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(17):1775-1786. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa052052



BACKGROUND

In the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) may decrease ventilator-induced lung injury by keeping lung regions open that otherwise would be collapsed. Since the effects of PEEP probably depend on the recruitability of lung tissue, we conducted a study to examine the relationship between the percentage of potentially recruitable lung, as indicated by computed tomography (CT), and the clinical and physiological effects of PEEP.

METHODS

Sixty-eight patients with acute lung injury or ARDS underwent whole-lung CT during breath-holding sessions at airway pressures of 5, 15, and 45 cm of water. The percentage of potentially recruitable lung was defined as the proportion of lung tissue in which aeration was restored at airway pressures between 5 and 45 cm of water.

RESULTS

The percentage of potentially recruitable lung varied widely in the population, accounting for a mean (+/-SD) of 13+/-11 percent of the lung weight, and was highly correlated with the percentage of lung tissue in which aeration was maintained after the application of PEEP (r2=0.72, P<0.001). On average, 24 percent of the lung could not be recruited. Patients with a higher percentage of potentially recruitable lung (greater than the median value of 9 percent) had greater total lung weights (P<0.001), poorer oxygenation (defined as a ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen) (P<0.001) and respiratory-system compliance (P=0.002), higher levels of dead space (P=0.002), and higher rates of death (P=0.02) than patients with a lower percentage of potentially recruitable lung. The combined physiological variables predicted, with a sensitivity of 71 percent and a specificity of 59 percent, whether a patient's proportion of potentially recruitable lung was higher or lower than the median.

CONCLUSIONS

In ARDS, the percentage of potentially recruitable lung is extremely variable and is strongly associated with the response to PEEP.

Lung opening and closing during ventilation of acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Caironi P, Cressoni M, Chiumello D, et al. Lung opening and closing during ventilation of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010;181(6):578-586. doi:10.1164/rccm.200905-0787OC



RATIONALE

The effects of high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) strictly depend on lung recruitability, which varies widely during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Unfortunately, increasing PEEP may lead to opposing effects on two main factors potentially worsening the lung injury, that is, alveolar strain and intratidal opening and closing, being detrimental (increasing the former) or beneficial (decreasing the latter).

OBJECTIVES

To investigate how lung recruitability influences alveolar strain and intratidal opening and closing after the application of high PEEP.

METHODS

We analyzed data from a database of 68 patients with acute lung injury or ARDS who underwent whole-lung computed tomography at 5, 15, and 45 cm H(2)O airway pressure.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS

End-inspiratory nonaerated lung tissue was estimated from computed tomography pressure-volume curves. Alveolar strain and opening and closing lung tissue were computed at 5 and 15 cm H(2)O PEEP. In patients with a higher percentage of potentially recruitable lung, the increase in PEEP markedly reduced opening and closing lung tissue (P < 0.001), whereas no differences were observed in patients with a lower percentage of potentially recruitable lung. In contrast, alveolar strain similarly increased in the two groups (P = 0.89). Opening and closing lung tissue was distributed mainly in the dependent and hilar lung regions, and it appeared to be an independent risk factor for death (odds ratio, 1.10 for each 10-g increase).

CONCLUSIONS

In ARDS, especially in patients with higher lung recruitability, the beneficial impact of reducing intratidal alveolar opening and closing by increasing PEEP prevails over the effects of increasing alveolar strain.

A recruitment maneuver increases oxygenation after intubation of hypoxemic intensive care unit patients: a randomized controlled study.

Constantin JM, Futier E, Cherprenet AL, et al. A recruitment maneuver increases oxygenation after intubation of hypoxemic intensive care unit patients: a randomized controlled study. Crit Care. 2010;14(2):R76. doi:10.1186/cc8989



INTRODUCTION

Tracheal intubation and anaesthesia promotes lung collapse and hypoxemia. In acute lung injury patients, recruitment maneuvers (RMs) increase lung volume and oxygenation, and decrease atelectasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RMs performed immediately after intubation.

METHODS

This randomized controlled study was conducted in two 16-bed medical-surgical intensive care units within the same university hospital. Consecutive patients requiring intubation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were included. Patients were randomized to undergo a RM immediately (within 2 minutes) after intubation, consisting of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 40 cmH2O over 30 seconds (RM group), or not (control group). Blood gases were sampled and blood samples taken for culture before, within 2 minutes, 5 minutes, and 30 minutes after intubation. Haemodynamic and respiratory parameters were continuously recorded throughout the study. Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was set at 5 cmH2O throughout.

RESULTS

The control (n = 20) and RM (n = 20) groups were similar in terms of age, disease severity, diagnosis at time of admission, and PaO2 obtained under 10-15 L/min oxygen flow immediately before (81 +/- 15 vs 83 +/- 35 mmHg, P = 0.9), and within 2 minutes after, intubation under 100% FiO2 (81 +/- 15 vs 83 +/- 35 mmHg, P = 0.9). Five minutes after intubation, PaO2 obtained under 100% FiO2 was significantly higher in the RM group compared with the control group (93 +/- 36 vs 236 +/- 117 mmHg, P = 0.008). The difference remained significant at 30 minutes with 110 +/- 39 and 180 +/- 79 mmHg, respectively, for the control and RM groups. No significant difference in haemodynamic conditions was observed between groups at any time. Following tracheal intubation, 15 patients had positive blood cultures, showing microorganisms shared with tracheal aspirates, with no significant difference in the incidence of culture positivity between groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Recruitment maneuver following intubation in hypoxemic patients improved short-term oxygenation, and was not associated with increased adverse effects.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

NCT01014299.

Personalised mechanical ventilation tailored to lung morphology versus low positive end-expiratory pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in France (the LIVE study): a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial.

Constantin JM, Jabaudon M, Lefrant JY, et al. Personalised mechanical ventilation tailored to lung morphology versus low positive end-expiratory pressure for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in France (the LIVE study): a multicentre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(10):870-880. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(19)30138-9



BACKGROUND

The effect of personalised mechanical ventilation on clinical outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains uncertain and needs to be evaluated. We aimed to test whether a mechanical ventilation strategy that was personalised to individual patients' lung morphology would improve the survival of patients with ARDS when compared with standard of care.

METHODS

We designed a multicentre, single-blind, stratified, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial enrolling patients with moderate-to-severe ARDS in 20 university or non-university intensive care units in France. Patients older than 18 years with early ARDS for less than 12 h were randomly assigned (1:1) to either the control group or the personalised group using a minimisation algorithm and stratified according to the study site, lung morphology, and duration of mechanical ventilation. Only the patients were masked to allocation. In the control group, patients received a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg per predicted bodyweight and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) was selected according to a low PEEP and fraction of inspired oxygen table, and early prone position was encouraged. In the personalised group, the treatment approach was based on lung morphology; patients with focal ARDS received a tidal volume of 8 mL/kg, low PEEP, and prone position. Patients with non-focal ARDS received a tidal volume of 6 mL/kg, along with recruitment manoeuvres and high PEEP. The primary outcome was 90-day mortality as established by intention-to-treat analysis. This study is registered online with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02149589.

FINDINGS

From June 12, 2014, to Feb 2, 2017, 420 patients were randomly assigned to treatment. 11 patients were excluded in the personalised group and nine patients were excluded in the control group; 196 patients in the personalised group and 204 in the control group were included in the analysis. In a multivariate analysis, there was no difference in 90-day mortality between the group treated with personalised ventilation and the control group in the intention-to-treat analysis (hazard ratio [HR] 1·01; 95% CI 0·61-1·66; p=0·98). However, misclassification of patients as having focal or non-focal ARDS by the investigators was observed in 85 (21%) of 400 patients. We found a significant interaction between misclassification and randomised group allocation with respect to the primary outcome (p<0·001). In the subgroup analysis, the 90-day mortality of the misclassified patients was higher in the personalised group (26 [65%] of 40 patients) than in the control group (18 [32%] of 57 patients; HR 2·8; 95% CI 1·5-5·1; p=0·012.

INTERPRETATION

Personalisation of mechanical ventilation did not decrease mortality in patients with ARDS, possibly because of the misclassification of 21% of patients. A ventilator strategy misaligned with lung morphology substantially increases mortality. Whether improvement in ARDS phenotyping can decrease mortality should be assessed in a future clinical trial.

FUNDING

French Ministry of Health (Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique InterRégional 2013).

Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, Brower RG, Matthay MA, et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1301-1308. doi:10.1056/NEJM200005043421801



BACKGROUND

Traditional approaches to mechanical ventilation use tidal volumes of 10 to 15 ml per kilogram of body weight and may cause stretch-induced lung injury in patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. We therefore conducted a trial to determine whether ventilation with lower tidal volumes would improve the clinical outcomes in these patients.

METHODS

Patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome were enrolled in a multicenter, randomized trial. The trial compared traditional ventilation treatment, which involved an initial tidal volume of 12 ml per kilogram of predicted body weight and an airway pressure measured after a 0.5-second pause at the end of inspiration (plateau pressure) of 50 cm of water or less, with ventilation with a lower tidal volume, which involved an initial tidal volume of 6 ml per kilogram of predicted body weight and a plateau pressure of 30 cm of water or less. The primary outcomes were death before a patient was discharged home and was breathing without assistance and the number of days without ventilator use from day 1 to day 28.

RESULTS

The trial was stopped after the enrollment of 861 patients because mortality was lower in the group treated with lower tidal volumes than in the group treated with traditional tidal volumes (31.0 percent vs. 39.8 percent, P=0.007), and the number of days without ventilator use during the first 28 days after randomization was greater in this group (mean [+/-SD], 12+/-11 vs. 10+/-11; P=0.007). The mean tidal volumes on days 1 to 3 were 6.2+/-0.8 and 11.8+/-0.8 ml per kilogram of predicted body weight (P<0.001), respectively, and the mean plateau pressures were 25+/-6 and 33+/-8 cm of water (P<0.001), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome, mechanical ventilation with a lower tidal volume than is traditionally used results in decreased mortality and increases the number of days without ventilator use.

Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with conventional tidal volumes for patients without acute lung injury: a preventive randomized controlled trial.

Determann RM, Royakkers A, Wolthuis EK, et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with conventional tidal volumes for patients without acute lung injury: a preventive randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2010;14(1):R1. doi:10.1186/cc8230



INTRODUCTION

Recent cohort studies have identified the use of large tidal volumes as a major risk factor for development of lung injury in mechanically ventilated patients without acute lung injury (ALI). We compared the effect of conventional with lower tidal volumes on pulmonary inflammation and development of lung injury in critically ill patients without ALI at the onset of mechanical ventilation.

METHODS

We performed a randomized controlled nonblinded preventive trial comparing mechanical ventilation with tidal volumes of 10 ml versus 6 ml per kilogram of predicted body weight in critically ill patients without ALI at the onset of mechanical ventilation. The primary end point was cytokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma during mechanical ventilation. The secondary end point was the development of lung injury, as determined by consensus criteria for ALI, duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality.

RESULTS

One hundred fifty patients (74 conventional versus 76 lower tidal volume) were enrolled and analyzed. No differences were observed in lavage fluid cytokine levels at baseline between the randomization groups. Plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels decreased significantly more strongly in the lower-tidal-volume group ((from 51 (20 to 182) ng/ml to 11 (5 to 20) ng/ml versus 50 (21 to 122) ng/ml to 21 (20 to 77) ng/ml; P = 0.01)). The trial was stopped prematurely for safety reasons because the development of lung injury was higher in the conventional tidal-volume group as compared with the lower tidal-volume group (13.5% versus 2.6%; P = 0.01). Univariate analysis showed statistical relations between baseline lung-injury score, randomization group, level of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), the number of transfused blood products, the presence of a risk factor for ALI, and baseline IL-6 lavage fluid levels and the development of lung injury. Multivariate analysis revealed the randomization group and the level of PEEP as independent predictors of the development of lung injury.

CONCLUSIONS

Mechanical ventilation with conventional tidal volumes is associated with sustained cytokine production, as measured in plasma. Our data suggest that mechanical ventilation with conventional tidal volumes contributes to the development of lung injury in patients without ALI at the onset of mechanical ventilation.

TRIAL REGISTRATION

ISRCTN82533884.

Effect of Intensive vs Moderate Alveolar Recruitment Strategies Added to Lung-Protective Ventilation on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Costa Leme A, Hajjar LA, Volpe MS, et al. Effect of Intensive vs Moderate Alveolar Recruitment Strategies Added to Lung-Protective Ventilation on Postoperative Pulmonary Complications: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2017;317(14):1422-1432. doi:10.1001/jama.2017.2297



Importance

Perioperative lung-protective ventilation has been recommended to reduce pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery. The protective role of a small tidal volume (VT) has been established, whereas the added protection afforded by alveolar recruiting strategies remains controversial.

Objective

To determine whether an intensive alveolar recruitment strategy could reduce postoperative pulmonary complications, when added to a protective ventilation with small VT.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Randomized clinical trial of patients with hypoxemia after cardiac surgery at a single ICU in Brazil (December 2011-2014).

Interventions

Intensive recruitment strategy (n=157) or moderate recruitment strategy (n=163) plus protective ventilation with small VT.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Severity of postoperative pulmonary complications computed until hospital discharge, analyzed with a common odds ratio (OR) to detect ordinal shift in distribution of pulmonary complication severity score (0-to-5 scale, 0, no complications; 5, death). Prespecified secondary outcomes were length of stay in the ICU and hospital, incidence of barotrauma, and hospital mortality.

Results

All 320 patients (median age, 62 years; IQR, 56-69 years; 125 women [39%]) completed the trial. The intensive recruitment strategy group had a mean 1.8 (95% CI, 1.7 to 2.0) and a median 1.7 (IQR, 1.0-2.0) pulmonary complications score vs 2.1 (95% CI, 2.0-2.3) and 2.0 (IQR, 1.5-3.0) for the moderate strategy group. Overall, the distribution of primary outcome scores shifted consistently in favor of the intensive strategy, with a common OR for lower scores of 1.86 (95% CI, 1.22 to 2.83; P = .003). The mean hospital stay for the moderate group was 12.4 days vs 10.9 days in the intensive group (absolute difference, -1.5 days; 95% CI, -3.1 to -0.3; P = .04). The mean ICU stay for the moderate group was 4.8 days vs 3.8 days for the intensive group (absolute difference, -1.0 days; 95% CI, -1.6 to -0.2; P = .01). Hospital mortality (2.5% in the intensive group vs 4.9% in the moderate group; absolute difference, -2.4%, 95% CI, -7.1% to 2.2%) and barotrauma incidence (0% in the intensive group vs 0.6% in the moderate group; absolute difference, -0.6%; 95% CI, -1.8% to 0.6%; P = .51) did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

Among patients with hypoxemia after cardiac surgery, the use of an intensive vs a moderate alveolar recruitment strategy resulted in less severe pulmonary complications while in the hospital.

Trial Registration

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01502332.

Recruitment maneuvers in patients undergoing thoracic surgery: a meta-analysis.

Hu MC, Yang YL, Chen TT, Chen JT, Tiong TY, Tam KW. Recruitment maneuvers in patients undergoing thoracic surgery: a meta-analysis. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2021;69(12):1553-1559. doi:10.1007/s11748-021-01673-7



OBJECTIVE

Pulmonary atelectasis is a common postoperative complication that may lead to intrapulmonary shunt, refractory hypoxemia, and respiratory distress. Recruitment maneuvers may relieve pulmonary atelectasis in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of recruitment maneuvers in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.

METHODS

We performed a literature search on the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases and the ClinicalTrials.gov registry for trials published before April 2021. We investigated postoperative pulmonary atelectasis incidence, intrapulmonary shunt fraction, static lung compliance, and mean arterial pressure.

RESULTS

Six RCTs involving 526 patients were reviewed. Patients receiving a recruitment maneuver exhibited a significant decrease in intrapulmonary shunt fraction [weighted mean difference (WMD) - 0.02, 95% CI - 0.03 to - 0.01], improved static lung compliance (WMD 2.16; 95% CI 1.14-3.18), and PaO2/FIO2 ratio (WMD 31.31; 95% CI 12.11-50.52) without a significant difference in mean arterial pressure (WMD - 0.64; 95% CI - 4.92 to 3.64). The incidence pulmonary atelectasis favored recruitment maneuver group, but was not statistically significant (RR 0.55; 95% CI 0.27-1.12).

CONCLUSIONS

Recruitment maneuvers may be a viable treatment for reducing intra-pulmonary shunt and improving static lung compliance and PaO2/FIO2 ratio without the disturbance of hemodynamics in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.