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 Technologies

INTELLiVENT®-ASV®. Votre assistant au chevet du patient

Image : quatre ampoules éteintes et une ampoule allumée

Passez au niveau supérieur ! La valeur ajoutée de l'INTELLiVENT-ASV

Grâce à notre mode de ventilation intelligente, vous passez du rôle de manipulateur de boutons à celui de superviseur. L'INTELLiVENT-ASV réduit le nombre d'interventions manuelles sur le ventilateur (Beijers AJ, Roos AN, Bindels AJ. Fully automated closed-loop ventilation is safe and effective in post-cardiac surgery patients. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(5):752-753. doi:10.1007/s00134-014-3234-71​, Bialais E, Wittebole X, Vignaux L, et al. Closed-loop ventilation mode (IntelliVent®-ASV) in intensive care unit: a randomized trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(6):657-668. 2​, Fot EV, Izotova NN, Yudina AS, Smetkin AA, Kuzkov VV, Kirov MY. Automated Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:31. Published 2017 Mar 21. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.000313​) et garantit à vos patients une ventilation protectrice personnalisée (Bialais E, Wittebole X, Vignaux L, et al. Closed-loop ventilation mode (IntelliVent®-ASV) in intensive care unit: a randomized trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(6):657-668. 2​, Fot EV, Izotova NN, Yudina AS, Smetkin AA, Kuzkov VV, Kirov MY. Automated Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:31. Published 2017 Mar 21. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.000313​, Arnal JM, Saoli M, Garnero A. Airway and transpulmonary driving pressures and mechanical powers selected by INTELLiVENT-ASV in passive, mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Heart Lung. 2020;49(4):427-434. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.11.0014​). De l'intubation à l'extubation.

Modes de ventilation ASV (à gauche) et INTELLiVENT-ASV (à droite)

En quoi ce mode est-il différent ? Un changement de paradigme

Avec les modes classiques, vous définissez plusieurs réglages sur le ventilateur tels que le volume courant ou la pression, la fréquence respiratoire, la FiO2, la PEP et le temps expiratoire et inspiratoire pour atteindre des objectifs cliniques. En outre, tous ces réglages doivent être réévaluées et réajustés fréquemment.

Grâce à l'INTELLiVENT-ASV, les cibles et stratégies cliniques que vous définissez pour l'oxygénation et la ventilation sont au cœur du processus. Une fois que vous avez défini ces cibles, vous pouvez décider dans quelle mesure l'INTELLiVENT-ASV doit contrôler l'oxygénation et la ventilation pour les atteindre.

L'INTELLiVENT-ASV sélectionne ensuite automatiquement des réglages de ventilateur, gère la transition entre les états passifs et actifs et soutient activement vos protocoles de sevrage grâce à l'option Sevrage rapide.

Image : patient intubé avec un médecin à son chevet

Est-il adapté à mes patients ? Pour patients adultes et enfants intubés

De nombreuses études internationales ont montré la sécurité et les performances de l'INTELLiVENT-ASV dans différents scénarios cliniques - depuis les patients ayant subi une chirurgie cardiaque (Beijers AJ, Roos AN, Bindels AJ. Fully automated closed-loop ventilation is safe and effective in post-cardiac surgery patients. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(5):752-753. doi:10.1007/s00134-014-3234-71​) jusqu'à la pneumonie liée à la COVID-19 (Wendel Garcia PD, Hofmaenner DA, Brugger SD, et al. Closed-Loop Versus Conventional Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 ARDS. J Intensive Care Med. 2021;36(10):1184-1193. doi:10.1177/088506662110241395​), et pour de nombreuses autres pathologies telles que la BPCO (Arnal JM, Saoli M, Garnero A. Airway and transpulmonary driving pressures and mechanical powers selected by INTELLiVENT-ASV in passive, mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Heart Lung. 2020;49(4):427-434. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.11.0014​), les lésions cérébrales (Sulemanji DS, Marchese A, Wysocki M, Kacmarek RM. Adaptive support ventilation with and without end-tidal CO2 closed loop control versus conventional ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(4):703-710. doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2742-66​) et le SDRA  (Arnal JM, Saoli M, Garnero A. Airway and transpulmonary driving pressures and mechanical powers selected by INTELLiVENT-ASV in passive, mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Heart Lung. 2020;49(4):427-434. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.11.0014​).

Laurent Buscemi Dr. Adrian Wäckerlin Dr João Alves

Témoignages de clients

L'INTELLiVENT-ASV nous fait gagner du temps, que nous pouvons consacrer à d'autres tâches importantes au sein de l'USI, par exemple, prendre soin des patients et leur apporter les soins médicaux indispensables.

Laurent Buscemi

Infirmier USI
Centre hospitalier intercommunal, département du Var, France

Témoignages de clients

Le concept de Hamilton Medical visant à établir une ventilation automatisée au sein de l'USI est certainement un pas dans la bonne direction.

Dr. Adrian Wäckerlin

Responsable USI
Hôpital du canton des Grisons, Coire, Suisse

Témoignages de clients

D'un point de vue des soins cliniques, l'INTELLIVENT-ASV permet l'exécution du travail préparatoire sur le patient pendant que nous nous concentrons sur des tâches plus critiques de prise de décision.

Dr João Alves

Médecin en soins intensifs, service de médecine interne et des urgences depuis 2018
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lisbonne, Lisbonne, Portugal

Dr Jean-Michel Arnal, responsable des soins intensifs Dr Jean-Michel Arnal, responsable des soins intensifs

Comment cela fonctionne-t-il ? L'INTELLiVENT-ASV expliqué au chevet du patient

Dans cette vidéo, le Dr Jean-Michel Arnal, responsable des soins intensifs, fait une présentation rapide des principaux réglages et fonctionnalités du mode INTELLiVENT-ASV sur un patient réel, admis en soins intensifs.

Image : fléchette visant la cible

Prêt, ciblez, ventilez ! Comment démarrer

Pour commencer, vous devez définir la taille, le sexe du patient et, si nécessaire, un critère spécifique : SDRA, Hypercp. chr. ou Lésion céréb. Ensuite, vous définissez les cibles cliniques en matière d'oxygénation (SpO2) et d'élimination de CO2 (PetCO2) pour votre patient.

 

Vous avez alors plusieurs options pour régler avec précision l'INTELLiVENT-ASV. Par exemple, vous pouvez choisir de définir la PEP manuellement ou décider que l'INTELLiVENT-ASV définisse la PEP dans une plage que vous aurez définie. Une fois les limites d'alarme vérifiées ou définies, vous êtes prêt à commencer la ventilation.

Image : fléchette atteignant la cible

Maintenir le patient dans la cible. Comment ajuster la ventilation

L'INTELLiVENT-ASV met en œuvre votre stratégie au chevet du patient. Plutôt que de modifier sans cesse les réglages individuels, vous surveillez et réajustez les cibles et la stratégie si nécessaire.

 

L'INTELLiVENT-ASV amène le patient dans la plage cible que vous avez définie et l'y maintient, tout en garantissant une ventilation de protection pulmonaire (Bialais E, Wittebole X, Vignaux L, et al. Closed-loop ventilation mode (IntelliVent®-ASV) in intensive care unit: a randomized trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(6):657-668. 2​, Fot EV, Izotova NN, Yudina AS, Smetkin AA, Kuzkov VV, Kirov MY. Automated Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:31. Published 2017 Mar 21. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.000313​, Arnal JM, Saoli M, Garnero A. Airway and transpulmonary driving pressures and mechanical powers selected by INTELLiVENT-ASV in passive, mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Heart Lung. 2020;49(4):427-434. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.11.0014​). Il ajuste en permanence les réglages individuels du ventilateur (comme la fréquence, le volume courant, la pression inspiratoire, la PEP et la FiO2) et passe d'une ventilation contrôlée à une ventilation assistée, en fonction des paramètres physiologiques évalués à chaque cycle.

 

Ces paramètres sont mesurés par trois capteurs : le capteur de débit proximal fournit des données sur la mécanique pulmonaire et l'activité respiratoire du patient, alors que les capteurs de SpO2 et de CO2 fournissent des données sur l'oxygénation et l'élimination de CO2.

Graphique de statistiques : 3 phases de sevrage d'un patient

Délivrons-les du ventilateur ! Comment sevrer vos patients

Utilisez la fonction Sevrage rapide de l'INTELLiVENT-ASV pour mettre en œuvre votre protocole de sevrage. Vous pouvez activer la fonction Sevrage rapide pendant la ventilation lorsque le patient respire spontanément.

Vous pouvez configurer la fonction Sevrage rapide en activant les EVS pour évaluer la capacité du patient à être séparé du ventilateur. Vous ajustez les critères pour commencer une EVS, les réglages à utiliser pendant l'exécution de l'EVS et les critères pour y mettre fin.

L'INTELLiVENT-ASV affiche toujours l'historique de toutes les EVS effectuées. En cas d'échec d'une EVS, l'INTELLiVENT-ASV restaure les réglages de ventilation précédents.

Graphique de statistiques : Lellouche F. Intensive Care Med. 2013 Mar;39(3):463-471.

Quels sont les avantages ? Focus sur les preuves de réussite

Des études cliniques ont démontré que l'INTELLiVENT-ASV sélectionne une pression motrice sûre (Arnal JM, Saoli M, Garnero A. Airway and transpulmonary driving pressures and mechanical powers selected by INTELLiVENT-ASV in passive, mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Heart Lung. 2020;49(4):427-434. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.11.0014​), une puissance mécanique sûre (Arnal JM, Saoli M, Garnero A. Airway and transpulmonary driving pressures and mechanical powers selected by INTELLiVENT-ASV in passive, mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Heart Lung. 2020;49(4):427-434. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.11.0014​) et un volume courant sûr (Lellouche F, Bouchard PA, Simard S, L'Her E, Wysocki M. Evaluation of fully automated ventilation: a randomized controlled study in post-cardiac surgery patients. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(3):463-471. doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2799-27​).

L'INTELLiVENT-ASV nécessite moins de réglages manuels que dans la ventilation classique, ce qui réduit la charge de travail du personnel soignant (Beijers AJ, Roos AN, Bindels AJ. Fully automated closed-loop ventilation is safe and effective in post-cardiac surgery patients. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(5):752-753. doi:10.1007/s00134-014-3234-71​, Bialais E, Wittebole X, Vignaux L, et al. Closed-loop ventilation mode (IntelliVent®-ASV) in intensive care unit: a randomized trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(6):657-668. 2​, Fot EV, Izotova NN, Yudina AS, Smetkin AA, Kuzkov VV, Kirov MY. Automated Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:31. Published 2017 Mar 21. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.000313​).

Image : étudiants jetant leurs chapeaux en l'air

Bon à savoir ! Supports de formation sur l'INTELLiVENT-ASV

Disponibilité

L'INTELLiVENT-ASV est disponible en option sur les ventilateurs HAMILTON-G5, HAMILTON-C6, HAMILTON-C3, HAMILTON-C1 et HAMILTON-T1, et en mode standard sur le HAMILTON-S1.

Références

  1. 1. Beijers AJ, Roos AN, Bindels AJ. Fully automated closed-loop ventilation is safe and effective in post-cardiac surgery patients. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(5):752-753. doi:10.1007/s00134-014-3234-7
  2. 2. Bialais E, Wittebole X, Vignaux L, et al. Closed-loop ventilation mode (IntelliVent®-ASV) in intensive care unit: a randomized trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(6):657-668.
  3. 3. Fot EV, Izotova NN, Yudina AS, Smetkin AA, Kuzkov VV, Kirov MY. Automated Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:31. Published 2017 Mar 21. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.00031
  4. 4. Arnal JM, Saoli M, Garnero A. Airway and transpulmonary driving pressures and mechanical powers selected by INTELLiVENT-ASV in passive, mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Heart Lung. 2020;49(4):427-434. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.11.001

 

  1. 5. Wendel Garcia PD, Hofmaenner DA, Brugger SD, et al. Closed-Loop Versus Conventional Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 ARDS. J Intensive Care Med. 2021;36(10):1184-1193. doi:10.1177/08850666211024139
  2. 6. Sulemanji DS, Marchese A, Wysocki M, Kacmarek RM. Adaptive support ventilation with and without end-tidal CO2 closed loop control versus conventional ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(4):703-710. doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2742-6
  3. 7. Lellouche F, Bouchard PA, Simard S, L'Her E, Wysocki M. Evaluation of fully automated ventilation: a randomized controlled study in post-cardiac surgery patients. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(3):463-471. doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2799-2

Notes en bas de page

 

Fully automated closed-loop ventilation is safe and effective in post-cardiac surgery patients.

Beijers AJ, Roos AN, Bindels AJ. Fully automated closed-loop ventilation is safe and effective in post-cardiac surgery patients. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40(5):752-753. doi:10.1007/s00134-014-3234-7

Closed-loop ventilation mode (IntelliVent®-ASV) in intensive care unit: a randomized trial.

Bialais E, Wittebole X, Vignaux L, et al. Closed-loop ventilation mode (IntelliVent®-ASV) in intensive care unit: a randomized trial. Minerva Anestesiol. 2016;82(6):657-668.



BACKGROUND

Closed-loop modes automatically adjust ventilation settings, delivering individualized ventilation over short periods of time. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to compare safety, efficacy and workload for the health care team between IntelliVent®-ASV and conventional modes over a 48-hour period.

METHODS

ICU patients admitted with an expected duration of mechanical ventilation of more than 48 hours were randomized to IntelliVent®-ASV or conventional ventilation modes. All ventilation parameters were recorded breath-by-breath. The number of manual adjustments assesses workload for the healthcare team. Safety and efficacy were assessed by calculating the time spent within previously defined ranges of non-optimal and optimal ventilation, respectively.

RESULTS

Eighty patients were analyzed. The median values of ventilation parameters over 48 hours were similar in both groups except for PEEP (7[4] cmH2O versus 6[3] cmH2O with IntelliVent®-ASV and conventional ventilation, respectively, P=0.028) and PETCO2 (36±7 mmHg with IntelliVent®-ASV versus 40±8 mmHg with conventional ventilation, P=0.041). Safety was similar between IntelliVent®-ASV and conventional ventilation for all parameters except for PMAX, which was more often non-optimal with IntelliVent®-ASV (P=0.001). Efficacy was comparable between the 2 ventilation strategies, except for SpO2 and VT, which were more often optimal with IntelliVent®-ASV (P=0.005, P=0.016, respectively). IntelliVent®-ASV required less manual adjustments than conventional ventilation (P<0.001) for a higher total number of adjustments (P<0.001). The coefficient of variation over 48 hours was larger with IntelliVent®-ASV in regard of maximum pressure, inspiratory pressure (PINSP), and PEEP as compared to conventional ventilation.

CONCLUSIONS

IntelliVent®-ASV required less manual intervention and delivered more variable PEEP and PINSP, while delivering ventilation safe and effective ventilation in terms of VT, RR, SpO2 and PETCO2.

Automated Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Fot EV, Izotova NN, Yudina AS, Smetkin AA, Kuzkov VV, Kirov MY. Automated Weaning from Mechanical Ventilation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. Front Med (Lausanne). 2017;4:31. Published 2017 Mar 21. doi:10.3389/fmed.2017.00031



BACKGROUND

The discontinuation of mechanical ventilation after coronary surgery may prolong and significantly increase the load on intensive care unit personnel. We hypothesized that automated mode using INTELLiVENT-ASV can decrease duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, reduce workload on medical staff, and provide safe ventilation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB). The primary endpoint of our study was to assess the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation during different modes of weaning from respiratory support (RS) after OPCAB. The secondary endpoint was to assess safety of the automated weaning mode and the number of manual interventions to the ventilator settings during the weaning process in comparison with the protocolized weaning mode.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Forty adult patients undergoing elective OPCAB were enrolled into a prospective single-center study. Patients were randomized into two groups: automated weaning (n = 20) using INTELLiVENT-ASV mode with quick-wean option; and protocolized weaning (n = 20), using conventional synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) + pressure support (PS) mode. We assessed the duration of postoperative ventilation, incidence and duration of unacceptable RS, and the load on medical staff. We also performed the retrospective analysis of 102 patients (standard weaning) who were weaned from ventilator with SIMV + PS mode based on physician's experience without prearranged algorithm.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Realization of the automated weaning protocol required change in respiratory settings in 2 patients vs. 7 (5-9) adjustments per patient in the protocolized weaning group. Both incidence and duration of unacceptable RS were reduced significantly by means of the automated weaning approach. The FiO2 during spontaneous breathing trials was significantly lower in the automated weaning group: 30 (30-35) vs. 40 (40-45) % in the protocolized weaning group (p < 0.01). The average time until tracheal extubation did not differ in the automated weaning and the protocolized weaning groups: 193 (115-309) and 197 (158-253) min, respectively, but increased to 290 (210-411) min in the standard weaning group.

CONCLUSION

The automated weaning system after off-pump coronary surgery might provide postoperative ventilation in a more protective way, reduces the workload on medical staff, and does not prolong the duration of weaning from ventilator. The use of automated or protocolized weaning can reduce the duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation in comparison with non-protocolized weaning based on the physician's decision.

Airway and transpulmonary driving pressures and mechanical powers selected by INTELLiVENT-ASV in passive, mechanically ventilated ICU patients.

Arnal JM, Saoli M, Garnero A. Airway and transpulmonary driving pressures and mechanical powers selected by INTELLiVENT-ASV in passive, mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Heart Lung. 2020;49(4):427-434. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2019.11.001



BACKGROUND

Driving pressure (ΔP) and mechanical power (MP) are predictors of the risk of ventilation- induced lung injuries (VILI) in mechanically ventilated patients. INTELLiVENT-ASV® is a closed-loop ventilation mode that automatically adjusts respiratory rate and tidal volume, according to the patient's respiratory mechanics.

OBJECTIVES

This prospective observational study investigated ΔP and MP (and also transpulmonary ΔP (ΔPL) and MP (MPL) for a subgroup of patients) delivered by INTELLiVENT-ASV.

METHODS

Adult patients admitted to the ICU were included if they were sedated and met the criteria for a single lung condition (normal lungs, COPD, or ARDS). INTELLiVENT-ASV was used with default target settings. If PEEP was above 16 cmH2O, the recruitment strategy used transpulmonary pressure as a reference, and ΔPL and MPL were computed. Measurements were made once for each patient.

RESULTS

Of the 255 patients included, 98 patients were classified as normal-lungs, 28 as COPD, and 129 as ARDS patients. The median ΔP was 8 (7 - 10), 10 (8 - 12), and 9 (8 - 11) cmH2O for normal-lungs, COPD, and ARDS patients, respectively. The median MP was 9.1 (4.9 - 13.5), 11.8 (8.6 - 16.5), and 8.8 (5.6 - 13.8) J/min for normal-lungs, COPD, and ARDS patients, respectively. For the 19 patients managed with transpulmonary pressure ΔPL was 6 (4 - 7) cmH2O and MPL was 3.6 (3.1 - 4.4) J/min.

CONCLUSIONS

In this short term observation study, INTELLiVENT-ASV selected ΔP and MP considered in safe ranges for lung protection. In a subgroup of ARDS patients, the combination of a recruitment strategy and INTELLiVENT-ASV resulted in an apparently safe ΔPL and MPL.

Closed-Loop Versus Conventional Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 ARDS.

Wendel Garcia PD, Hofmaenner DA, Brugger SD, et al. Closed-Loop Versus Conventional Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19 ARDS. J Intensive Care Med. 2021;36(10):1184-1193. doi:10.1177/08850666211024139



BACKGROUND

Lung-protective ventilation is key in bridging patients suffering from COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) to recovery. However, resource and personnel limitations during pandemics complicate the implementation of lung-protective protocols. Automated ventilation modes may prove decisive in these settings enabling higher degrees of lung-protective ventilation than conventional modes.

METHOD

Prospective study at a Swiss university hospital. Critically ill, mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients were allocated, by study-blinded coordinating staff, to either closed-loop or conventional mechanical ventilation, based on mechanical ventilator availability. Primary outcome was the overall achieved percentage of lung-protective ventilation in closed-loop versus conventional mechanical ventilation, assessed minute-by-minute, during the initial 7 days and overall mechanical ventilation time. Lung-protective ventilation was defined as the combined target of tidal volume <8 ml per kg of ideal body weight, dynamic driving pressure <15 cmH2O, peak pressure <30 cmH2O, peripheral oxygen saturation ≥88% and dynamic mechanical power <17 J/min.

RESULTS

Forty COVID-19 ARDS patients, accounting for 1,048,630 minutes (728 days) of cumulative mechanical ventilation, allocated to either closed-loop (n = 23) or conventional ventilation (n = 17), presenting with a median paO2/ FiO2 ratio of 92 [72-147] mmHg and a static compliance of 18 [11-25] ml/cmH2O, were mechanically ventilated for 11 [4-25] days and had a 28-day mortality rate of 20%. During the initial 7 days of mechanical ventilation, patients in the closed-loop group were ventilated lung-protectively for 65% of the time versus 38% in the conventional group (Odds Ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.76-1.82; P < 0.001) and for 45% versus 33% of overall mechanical ventilation time (Odds Ratio, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.21-1.23; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Among critically ill, mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients during an early highpoint of the pandemic, mechanical ventilation using a closed-loop mode was associated with a higher degree of lung-protective ventilation than was conventional mechanical ventilation.

Adaptive support ventilation with and without end-tidal CO2 closed loop control versus conventional ventilation.

Sulemanji DS, Marchese A, Wysocki M, Kacmarek RM. Adaptive support ventilation with and without end-tidal CO2 closed loop control versus conventional ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(4):703-710. doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2742-6



PURPOSE

Our aim was to compare adaptive support ventilation with and without closed loop control by end tidal CO2 (ASVCO2, ASV) with pressure (PC) and volume control ventilation (VC) during simulated clinical scenarios [normal lungs (N), COPD, ARDS, brain injury (BI)].

METHODS

A lung model was used to simulate representative compliance (mL/cmH2O): resistance (cmH2O/L/s) combinations, 45:5 for N and BI, 60:7.7 for COPD, 15:7.7 and 35:7.7 for ARDS. Two levels of PEEP (cmH2O) were used for each scenario, 12/16 for ARDS, and 5/10 for others. The CO2 productions of 2, 3, 4 and 5 mL/kg predicted body weight/min were simulated. Tidal volume was set to 6 mL/kg during VC and PC. Outcomes of interest were end tidal CO2 (etCO2) and plateau pressure (P Plat).

RESULTS

EtCO2 levels in N and BI and COPD were similar for all modes. In ARDS, etCO2 was higher in ASVCO2 than in other modes (p < 0.001). Under all mechanical conditions ASVCO2 revealed a narrower range of etCO2. P Plat was similar for all modes in all scenarios but ARDS where P Plat in ASV and ASVCO2 were lower than in VC (p = 0.001). When P Plat was ≥ 28 cmH2O, P plat in ASV and ASVCO2 were lower than in VC and PC (p = 0.024).

CONCLUSION

All modes performed similarly in most cases. Minor differences observed were in favor of the closed loop modes. Overall, ASVCO2 maintained tighter CO2 control. The ASVCO2 had the greatest impact during ARDS allowing etCO2 to increase and protecting against hypocapnia evident with other modes while ensuring lower P plat and tidal volumes.

Evaluation of fully automated ventilation: a randomized controlled study in post-cardiac surgery patients.

Lellouche F, Bouchard PA, Simard S, L'Her E, Wysocki M. Evaluation of fully automated ventilation: a randomized controlled study in post-cardiac surgery patients. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39(3):463-471. doi:10.1007/s00134-012-2799-2



PURPOSE

Discrepancies between the demand and availability of clinicians to care for mechanically ventilated patients can be anticipated due to an aging population and to increasing severity of illness. The use of closed-loop ventilation provides a potential solution. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety of a fully automated ventilator.

METHODS

We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing automated ventilation (AV) and protocolized ventilation (PV) in 60 ICU patients after cardiac surgery. In the PV group, tidal volume, respiratory rate, FiO(2) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) were set according to the local hospital protocol based on currently available guidelines. In the AV group, only sex, patient height and a maximum PEEP level of 10 cmH(2)O were set. The primary endpoint was the duration of ventilation within a "not acceptable" range of tidal volume. Zones of optimal, acceptable and not acceptable ventilation were based on several respiratory parameters and defined a priori.

RESULTS

The patients were assigned equally to each group, 30 to PV and 30 to AV. The percentage of time within the predefined zones of optimal, acceptable and not acceptable ventilation were 12 %, 81 %, and 7 % respectively with PV, and 89.5 %, 10 % and 0.5 % with AV (P < 0.001). There were 148 interventions required during PV compared to only 5 interventions with AV (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Fully AV was safe in hemodynamically stable patients immediately following cardiac surgery. In addition to a reduction in the number of interventions, the AV system maintained patients within a predefined target range of optimal ventilation.